Base Currency

  

Categories: Forex, Econ

The price of most things are given in some currency. A Big Mac might be $4.99, a share of Apple stock might be $225, or a pint of Guinness might cost €5 in a Dublin pub. Based on where you are, you know what currency to use, and everything you want to buy is just listed in a certain amount of that currency.

But what if you are buying currencies? What if you're trading one currency for another? How do list the price?

Like...if you're trading U.S. dollars to Canadian dollars, you could either say one U.S. dollar is worth C$1.30, or you could say one Canadian dollar is worth $0.77. It could go either way.

That's where base currencies come in. Currency pairs (the prices of two currencies trading against each other) are listed in a particular order. Exchange rates are always given in the same direction. So for instance, the currency pair for the dollar vs. the Canadian dollar is given as USD/CAD. The dollar comes first, making it the base currency. It's the currency that will be the "1" in whatever ratio is given. So if you see USD/CAD trading at 1.30, you know that means one U.S. dollar to 1.30 Canadian dollars.

There's a pecking order to the currency pairs. Euro always comes first...it's always the base currency when compared to another currency. The British Pound is next...it's the base currency against any other currency, except the Euro.
The U.S. dollar is next in line of precedence (generally speaking), but there are quirks to the system. When the U.S. dollar trades against the Australian or New Zealand dollars, for instance, the Aussie or Kiwi is typically given as the base currency. It's, um...not a completely logical system.

Related or Semi-related Video

Finance: What is Inflation: Adjusted, Hy...21 Views

00:00

finance a la shmoop what is inflation-adjusted hyper currency and

00:07

commodity no no no no no I said frozen concentrated orange juice right there

00:16

that's better commodities that's what this is frozen [milk shake]

00:20

concentrated orange juice yeah it's the same whether you buy it here at Uncle [canned orange juice]

00:25

cheapies fruit barn or from Amazon or from Safeway it's a total commodity and [barn, Amazon website, Safeway building]

00:30

when inflation hits the fan yeah like that then commodity prices are usually [inflation hits ceiling fan]

00:36

the first to react commodities you know things like oil and electricity and [oil ships, light bulbs]

00:40

roundup weed killer and the price of generic picture frames on Amazon you [weed killer, picture frames on Amazon]

00:45

know those things all right well why does commodity pricing even matter well

00:49

let's talk about inflation for a sec inflation measures the rate at which

00:52

prices of goods and services are rising and they generally rise over time the

00:58

greater the level of inflation the lower the purchasing power of your currency

01:03

well in a world of inflation taking off going up up up and the Fed raising rates [house floating up with balloons]

01:08

hoping to tamp it down down down well equities or stocks and debt or bonds [house floating down]

01:14

will get crushed while commodities should just keep going on up up up in [air balloons rising]

01:18

lockstep with inflation rates because they're basically a store of cash and

01:22

you can turn them into cash so quickly and they don't really change that way in

01:25

essence commodities are a good balance to an investment portfolio highly

01:29

exposed to oh say the stock market well what else acts this way real estate yeah

01:34

it's kind of a commodity or at least it behaves like one in the grips of [air balloons rising]

01:37

inflation oil yep gold yep what about currencies commodity well yes and no [oil rig, gold ingots, paper money]

01:43

currencies react to other currencies generally on a relative basis but they

01:48

behave very much like commodities so then if you turbocharged inflation well [different world currencies]

01:53

yes you get then hyperinflation in most times the US dollar has been considered [house rocketing out of orbit]

01:58

a relatively stable bet like think Latin American debt in a historical frame that

02:03

is the countries were swimming in debt payable in their own currency in the [world map]

02:08

1980s and much to the chagrin of the Western countries who loaned them [bags of money in western countries]

02:12

billions and billions of dollars those latin-american countries decided to run

02:16

the Xerox machine all through the night and weekend printing more and more money [money being printed]

02:20

so hyperinflation would be created and the 18 kajillion dollars owed by

02:25

Venezuela would feel instead like only a few million bucks to that country and

02:29

while the West learned a big lesson about loaning people

02:33

irresponsible with her own currency oh and there was that other little one

02:37

lesson that the West learned about punitive war reparation rules check out [world map]

02:42

1930s vimar germany's hyperinflation currency issues this wheelbarrow full of [wheelbarrow full of money]

02:47

german marks yeah at the time this picture was taken it bought a loaf of

02:51

bread and only like two glasses of juice juice juice [two orange jews turn into orange juice]

Up Next

Finance: What is a Dual Currency Bond?
33 Views

What is a Dual Currency Bond? Multinational corporations often find their books filled with foreign currencies from countries where they have busin...

Finance: What is an Exchange Rate?
358 Views

What is an Exchange Rate? An exchange rate is what a domestic currency is worth in a foreign currency’s denomination and vice versa. An exchange...

Find other enlightening terms in Shmoop Finance Genius Bar(f)