¹ Theodore Roosevelt quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 545.

² Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

³ Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

⁴ Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

⁵ Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

⁶ Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

⁷ Frederick Jackson Turner, The Frontier in American History, (New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1920), http://books.google.com/books?id=RBQOAAAAIAAJ, accessed 5 January 2009.

⁸ Rev. Josiah Strong, Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis (New York: The Baker & Taylor Co., 1891).

⁹ Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1898).

¹⁰ Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life," in The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses (New York: Cosimo, 2006); full text available at "Speeches," Theodore Roosevelt Association, http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/research/speech%20strenuous.htm, accessed 5 January 2009.

¹¹ Louis A. Pérez, Jr., The War of 1898: The United States & Cuba in History & Historiography (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998).

¹² José Martí quoted in Louis A. Perez, Jr., Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 147.

¹³ For a fuller discussion and loads of fascinating photographs, illustrations, and statistics, see Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, and Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political Cartoons (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing and Distribution, 2004).

¹⁴ Quoted in Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Vol II, from 1865 (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006), 592.

¹⁵ Quoted in Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Vol II, from 1865 (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006), 592.

¹⁶ Letter written by Enrique Dupuy de Lôme to Don José Canelejas, published in the New York Journal, 9 Feburary 1898.

¹⁷ "The Destruction of USS Maine, Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC, 13 August 2003, http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq71-1.htm, accessed 5 January 2009.

¹⁸ Theodore Roosevelt to Benhamin Harrison Diblee, 16 February 1898, in Elting E. Morison, ed., The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8 vols. (Cambridge, 1951-54), 1:775.

¹⁹ Ensign Worth Bagley quoted in Louis A. Pérez, Jr., The War of 1898: The United States & Cuba in History & Historiography (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 57.

²⁰ John R. Musick, Cuba Libre: A Story of the Hispano-American War (New York, 1900), vi.

²¹ Horace Edgar Flack, Spanish-American Diplomatic Relations Preceding the War of 1898 (Baltimore, 1906), 83.

²² Peggy Samuels and Harold Samuels, Remembering the "Maine" (Washington, D.C., 1995), 3-4.

²³ Quoted in Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Vol II, from 1865 (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006), 586.

²⁴ Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Vol II, from 1865 (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006), 585-586.

²⁵ Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders (New York: The Modern Library, 1999; originally published: New York: C. Scribner's, 1899), 46.

²⁶ Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life," in Mario R. DiNunzio, ed., Theodore Roosevelt: An American Mind (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), 186.

²⁷ Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life," in Mario R. DiNunzio, ed., Theodore Roosevelt: An American Mind (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), 186.

²⁸ Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life," in Mario R. DiNunzio, ed., Theodore Roosevelt: An American Mind (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), 186.

²⁹ Henry Cabot Lodge and Stephen Elkins quoted in Daniel Schirmer and Stephen Shalom, eds., The Philippines Reader: A History of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship and Resistance (Boston: South End Press, 1987), 21-22.

³⁰ Willie Grayson, testimony before the US Senate, 31 January 1900, quoted in Charles Edward Russell, The Outlook for the Philippines (New York: The Century Co, 1922), 93, http://books.google.com/books?id=RnLa5VMQyxUC, accessed 5 January 2009.

³¹ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 11.

³² Louis A. Pérez, Jr., The War of 1898: The United States & Cuba in History & Historiography (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998).

³³ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 36.

³⁴ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 65-66.

³⁵ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 81-82.

³⁶ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 82.

³⁷ Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribio, The Forbidden Book (San Francisco: T'Boli Publishing, 2004) 98.

³⁸ José Martí quoted in Louis A. Perez, Jr., Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 147.

³⁹ Quoted in Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey, The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Vol II, from 1865 (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006), 586.

⁴⁰ Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders (New York: The Modern Liberary, 1999; originally published: New York: C. Scribner's, 1899), 46.

⁴¹ Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life," in Mario R. DiNunzio, ed., Theodore Roosevelt: An American Mind (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), 186.

⁴² Hamilton, Neil A., Rebels and Renegades: A Chronology of Social and Political Dissent in the United States (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002), 157.