Once again, we're dealing with a triangle, so we'll draw one and fill in what we know. The hypotenuse has a length of 100, and if one leg has length x, the other leg has length 5x, since that's the meaning of "proportional with a constant of proportionality of 5." This triangle will be awfully wobbly when it walks. 
The Pythagorean Theorem tells us that: (5x)2 + x2 = 1002 ...which simplifies to: 26x2 = 1002 For this problem, it's easier to write 1002 than it is to write 10,000. Although now that we've gone ahead and written it out anyway in this explanation, it kind of defeats the purpose. 
Now let's take the square root and finish up. 
The short leg of the triangle has length  , and the longer leg has length  Since we were asked to give exact answers, we'll leave the answers like that. You wouldn't want to give those measurements to a carpenter who's cutting a triangle shape out of plywood, but it's all we need to answer this problem. However, it's fine to use the calculator to check that our answers are reasonable. The shorter leg of the triangle has a length of approximately 19.6 and the longer leg has a length of approximately 98. Since our calculator informs us that (19.6)2 + 982 = 9988.16, which is fairly close to 1002, our answers seem reasonable. Now we know what information to give our carpenter friend. |