Reconstruction Primary Sources

Reconstruction Primary Sources

Historical documents. What clues can you gather about the time, place, players, and culture?

Trying to Reinstitute Slavery

The full text of Mississippi's Black Code (1865) is available here.

Declaring Freedom for All

The Emancipation Proclamation (1863), original and transcript, can be checked out here.

The Radical Republicans Move to Protect the Freedmen

The "Laws in Relation to Freedmen" from U.S. Sen. 39th Congress is made available by the Library of Congress.

Pursuing Higher Education

Wilberforce University was established near Xenia, Ohio, in 1856, by a group of Ohioans that included four Black men. The school was named after the famous British abolitionist, William Wilberforce. When the school failed to meet its financial obligations, leaders of the African Methodist Episcopal Church purchased it in 1863.

Seizing and Spreading Emancipation

Captain Charles B. Wilder explains how fugitive slaves, once escaped to Union lines, liberated fellow slaves and spread the word of freedom deep in Confederate territory.

Attempting to Revert to Days of Bondage

Shortly after a new state constitution abolished slavery in Maryland in 1864, a Unionist observer described the efforts of local citizens to nullify the former slaves' freedom.

Protesting for True Freedom

In 1863, Black men who'd been forcibly impressed to perform military labor for the Union Army addressed an indignant petition to General Benjamin F. Butler.

The Famous Field Order 15

General William Tecumseh Sherman's Special Field Order 15 of 1865 can be accessed here.

Impeach!

Here are the 1868 arguments raised for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.

Seeking Justice and Equality

At the end of the war, Black soldiers stationed near Petersburg, Virginia, wrote to the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau to protest the suffering of their wives, children, and parents at a settlement on Roanoke Island, North Carolina.