By some scholarly estimates, the 4 million men, women, and children emancipated from slavery in 1865 represented some $4 to 6 billion in invested capital. Remarkably, an estimated 80% of Black offi...

"There has been houses broken open, windows smashed and doors broken down in the dead hours of the night, men rushing in, cursing and swearing and discharging their Pistols inside the house. Men ha...

Population Life expectancy for white males in 1870: 44.1 years Life expectancy for white females in 1870: 46.4 years Estimated mean life expectancy at birth for American Blacks during the enti...

National Woman Suffrage Association American Woman Suffrage Association National American Woman Suffrage Association Ku Klux Klan

carpetbagger, carpetbaggers, carpetbagging A derogatory term used by Southerners to describe Northerners who moved into the South during Reconstruction. Southerners resented the carpetbaggers, whom...